next up previous
Next: About this document Up: Astrophysics on the GRAPE Previous: Formation and Evolution

References

1
D. Sugimoto, Y. Chikada, J. Makino, T. Ito, T. Ebisuzaki, M. Umemura, Nature 345, 33 (1990), J. Makino and M. Taiji, Scientific Simulations with Special-Purpose Computers --- The GRAPE Systems (John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1998).

2
J. Makino, Publ. Astron. Soc. J. 43, 621 (1991), E. Athanassoula, A. Bosma, J.-C. Lambert, J. Makino, Mon. Not. Roy. Aston. Soc. 293, 369 (1998).

3
Y. Komeiji, M. Uebayasi, M., R. Takata, A. Shimizu, K. Itsukashi, M. Taiji, J. Comp. Chem. 18, 1546 (1997).

4
P. Guhathakurta, B. Yanny, D. P. Schneider, J. N. Bahcall, Astron. J. 111, 267, (1996).

5
M. Hénon, Ann. Astrophys. 24, 369 (1961)

6
S. J. Aarseth, M. Hénon, M. R. Wielen, A&A 37, 183 (1974).

7
D. Lynden-Bell, & P. P. Eggleton, MNRAS 191, 483 (1980).

8
D. Sugimoto & E. Bettwieser, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron Soc. 204, 19p (1983); E. Bettwieser, E. & D. Sugimoto, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron Soc. 208, 493 (1984).

9
J. Goodman, Astroph. J. 313, 576 (1987).

10
H. Cohn, P. Hut, M. Wise, Astrophys. J. 342,814 (1989). J. L. Breeden, H. N. Cohn, P. Hut, Astrophys. J. 421 195 (1994), R. Spurzem &, P. D. Louis, in Structure and Dynamics of Globular Clusters, eds. S. G. Djorgovski and G. Meylan, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 50 (Astron. Soc. Pacific, San Francisco, 1993) p.135.

11
J.L. Breeden & H.N. Cohn, Astrophys. J, 448, 672 (1995).

12
J. Makino and D. Sugimoto, Publ. Astron. Soc. J. 39, 589 (1987)

13
R. Spurzem and S. J. Aarseth, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 282, 19 (1996)

14
J. Barnes and P. Hut, Nature 324, 446 (1986).

15
J. Makino, in Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters, I.A.U. Symp. 174, eds. P. Hut and J. Makino (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1996), p. 151.

16
J. Makino, Astrophys. J. 471, 796 (1997).

17
T. Fukushige & D. C. Heggie, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc 276,206 (1995). S. Portegies Zwart, P. Hut, J. Makino, S.L.W. McMillan, Astronomy and Astrophysics 337, 363 (1998), S. J. Aarseth & D. C. Heggie, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc 297, 794 (1998).

18
J. Kormendy & D. Richstone, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astroph. 33, 581 (1995).

19
M. C. Begelman, R. D. Blandford, M. J. Rees, Nature 287, 307 (1980).

20
T. Ebisuzaki, J. Makino, S. K. Okumura, Nature 352, 212 (1991).

21
J. Makino & T. Ebisuzaki, Astroph. J. 465, 527 (1996); J. Makino, Astroph. J. 478, 58 (1997).

22
T. R. Lauer, E. A. Ajhar, Y. I. Byun, A. Dressler, S. M. Faber, C. Grillmair, J. Kormendy, D. Richstone, S. Tremaine, Astron. J. 110, 2622 (1995).

23
R. Greenberg, J. F. Wacker, C. R. Chapman,. and W. K. Hartmann, Icarus 35, 1, (1978)

24
G. W. Wetherill and G. R. Stewart, Icarus, 77, 330 1989,

25
Kokubo, E., and S. Ida Icarus 123, 180 (1996).

26
J. Makino, T. Fukushige, Y. Funato, E. Kokubo, New Astronomy 3, 411 (1998).

27
E. Kokubo, and S. Ida Icarus 131, 171 (1998).

28
M. Umemura, T. Fukushige, J. Makino, T. Ebisuzaki, D. Sugimoto, E. Turner, A. Loeb, Publ. Astron. Soc. J. 45, 311 (1993); M. Steinmetz, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 278, 1005 (1996).

29
M. Navarro & M. Steinmetz, Astroph. J., 478, 13 (1997).

30
M. Haehnelt, M. Steinmetz, M. Rauch, Astroph. J. 465, L95 (1995).

31
M. Bartelman, M. Steinmetz, M., Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 283, 431 (1996).; Suginohara, T., Ostriker, J.P., Astroph. J. 507, 16 (1998).

32
R. S. Klessen, A. Burkert, M. Bate, Astroph. J. Lett. 501, L205 (1998).

33
M. Steinmetz, & E. Müller, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 276, 549 (1995).

34
M. Haehnelt, M. Steinmetz, M. Rauch, Astroph. J. 495, 647 (1998).

35
J. Binney and M. Merrifield, Galactic Astronomy (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1998).

36
Y. Funato, J. Makino, T. Ebisuzaki, Publ. Astron. Soc. J. 45, 289 (1993);

37
Y.Funato & J. Makino, to appear in Astrophy. J.

We thank Yoko Funato, Eiichiro Kokubo, and Matthias Steinmetz for discussing their GRAPE results with us. We also thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments.



Jun Makino
Thu Nov 26 22:13:16 JST 1998